An important article:
[url] https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04553 [/url].

A scientific paper showing that many viruses use glycans for shielding from the immune system:

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.02.20.957472v1.full.pdf

See Figure 6.

This appears to show that the glycans shielding the viruses are built from mannose.

Question: Does all of this mannose come from the diet, or is it built in the body from something else?

If all of it comes from the diet, would altering the carbohydrate types in the diet so that they produces less mannose after digestion help control both this virus and the others mentioned?

If not, does this make the various protein sites where the glycans bind a good target for binding something to block glycan attachment?

Does the virus causing COVID-19 use glycans this way?

I found partial answers to my questions.

Human metabolism can turn glucose into mannose; therefore diet is not the only source of mannose except in some people with genetic disorders blocking this conversion.

Human metabolism uses mannose for various purpose, so permanently eliminating it is not a good idea.

It is normally NOT used as an energy source.

Too high a level of mannose can be fatal.

High levels of mannose are often seen in those with diabetes; this MIGHT be why COVID-19 is often more severe in those with diabetes.

MANNOSE METABOLISM: MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4252654/

The places where proteins or glycans connect to cell walls are called GPI anchors.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchors: Biochemistry and Cell Biology: Introduction to a Thematic Review Series

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4689333/

Human metabolism uses some on human cell walls, so elimination all of them is not a good idea.

A GPI anchor contains mannose and a phospholipid.

The SARS-CoV2 virus which causes COVID-19 DOES use glycans, built mostly from mannose, for shielding from the immune system.

Site-specific glycan analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 spike

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2020/05/01/science.abb9983

An article claiming that hydroxychloroquine can help control COVID-19 safely, but only if used with a zinc supplement.

It says that the main thing hydroxychloroquine does in this treatment is to help the zinc get into the cells, and therefore toxic doses are not needed.

The zinc acts on the virus instead.

This is NOT a scientific paper, but it still suggests something for the scientists to test.

Distorting science in the COVID pandemic

https://drmalcolmkendrick.org/2020/07/05/distorting-science-in-the-covid-pandemic/

There is a scientific paper on this, although not yet peer-reviewed.

COVID-19 Outpatients – Early Risk-Stratified Treatment with Zinc Plus Low Dose Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin: A Retrospective Case Series Study

https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202007.0025/v1

Genomewide Association Study of Severe Covid-19 with Respiratory Failure

https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2020283

Here’s how scientists know the coronavirus came from bats and wasn’t made in a lab

https://theconversation.com/heres-how-scientists-know-the-coronavirus-came-from-bats-and-wasnt-made-in-a-lab-141850

Immunity to Covid-19 could be lost in months, UK study suggests

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/12/immunity-to-covid-19-could-be-lost-in-months-uk-study-suggests

Supercomputer-Powered Research Uncovers Signs of ‘Bradykinin Storm’ That May Explain COVID-19 Symptoms

https://www.hpcwire.com/2020/07/28/supercomputer-powered-research-uncovers-signs-of-bradykinin-storm-that-may-explain-covid-19-symptoms/


In Big Win for COVID-19 Research, Neocortix Brings Arm Support to Folding@home, Rosetta@home

https://www.hpcwire.com/2020/07/28/in-big-win-for-covid-19-research-neocortix-brings-arm-support-to-foldinghome-rosettahome/


Structural analysis of COVID-19 spike protein provides insight into its evolution

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200709105122.htm


In cell studies, seaweed extract outperforms remdesivir in blocking COVID-19 virus

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200724104228.htm

New coronavirus turns out to be decades old - in bats

https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/new-coronavirus-turns-out-to-be-decades-old-in-bats

Supercomputer Research Probes Reengineering Old Antibodies to Fight SARS-CoV-2

https://www.hpcwire.com/2020/07/30/supercomputer-research-probes-reengineering-old-antibodies-to-fight-sars-cov-2/

How COVID-19 causes smell loss

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/07/200724141027.htm

Engineered decoys trap virus in test tube study; healthcare workers at high risk even with protections

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-science/engineered-decoys-trap-virus-in-test-tube-study-healthcare-workers-at-high-risk-even-with-protections-idUSKCN24Z2EF

Watchdog Demands to Know If Drug Maker Sitting on Possible Covid-19 Treatment Due to Patent, Profit Concerns

https://www.commondreams.org/news/2020/08/04/watchdog-demands-know-if-drug-maker-sitting-possible-covid-19-treatment-due-patent

An article claiming that hydroxychloroquine can help control COVID-19 safely, but only if used with a zinc supplement.

It says that the main thing hydroxychloroquine does in this treatment is to help the zinc get into the cells, and therefore toxic doses are not needed.

The zinc acts on the virus instead.

This is NOT a scientific paper, but it still suggests something for the scientists to test.

Distorting science in the COVID pandemic

https://drmalcolmkendrick.org/2020/07/05/distorting-science-in-the-covid-pandemic/

Is Rosetta@home checking whether zinc ions will bind to any of the COVID-19 proteins and prevent assembly of the virus?

‘AeroNabs’ Promise Powerful, Inhalable Protection Against COVID-19

https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2020/08/418241/aeronabs-promise-powerful-inhalable-protection-against-covid-19

Game changing Saliva test for Covid-19. $4 per test. Approved by FDA. *UPDATE*

https://www.dailykos.com/stories/2020/8/15/1969630/-Game-changing-Saliva-test-for-Covid-19-4-per-test-Approved-by-FDA?utm_campaign=trending

Can Rosetta's software handle checking whether oleandrin does much more than use up your money?

Watch for reporters to do a lot of research into who owns the companies working with oleandrin.

Trump reportedly pushing new unproven coronavirus treatment that is also embraced by HUD Sec. Ben Carson and MyPillow's Mike LindellTrump reportedly pushing new unproven coronavirus treatment that is also embraced by HUD Sec. Ben Carson and MyPillow's Mike Lindell

https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-new-unproven-coronavirus-cure-oleandrin-hud-ben-carson-2020-8